{"id":3558,"date":"2004-12-24T01:48:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-23T16:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/?p=3558"},"modified":"2021-08-12T11:56:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T02:56:47","slug":"lecturetwo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/2004\/12\/24\/lecturetwo\/","title":{"rendered":"LectureTwo"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ucd94\uc11d \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacf5\ubd80\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

(TableOfContents) <\/p>\n

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1\ucc28\ud568\uc218<\/h2>\n
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1\ud559\uae30 \ub54c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub294 \ub9d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubcc0\uc218( $ x_1,…,x_n $ )\uc758 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ubcc0\uc218\ubca1\ud130\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc22b\uc790\uc758 \ub098\uc5f4\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 $ \\mathbb{R}^n $ \uc758 \ubca1\ud130\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uac00 \ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 1\ucc28\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83 \ub9d0\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ub0b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc120\ud615\uc131(linearity)\uc774\uace0 1\ud559\uae30 \ub54c \uc774\ubbf8 \ubc30\uc6e0\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \\[ l(x+y)=lx+ly, \\quad l(kx)=k(lx) \\] \ub77c\uace0 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc608\uc804\uc5d0 1\ucc28\uc2dd\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub4ef\uc774 \uc790\uc720\uc790\uc7ac\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ub41c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc815\ub9ac\uac00 \uc815\ub9ac 1\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc815\ub9ac\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc758 \ubaa8\uc591\uc774 \uc608\uc804\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub358 \uac83\uacfc \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc989 \uacf5\uac04\uc758 basis\ub97c \ud558\ub098 \uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \ubd80\ud130 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc778 \uc88c\ud45c\ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74, \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 1\ucc28\uacb0\ud569 \uc989 1\ucc28\uc2dd \uaf34\ub85c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218 \uc804\ubd80\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud558\uba74 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ub41c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5ec\ub2e4\ubcf4\uba74 \uae30\ubcf8\ud568\uc218\uc758 1\ucc28\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c 1\ud559\uae30 \ub54c\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\uc30d\ub300\uacf5\uac04: 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc758 \uacf5\uac04<\/h2>\n
\n<\/div>\n
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\uc30d\ub300\uacf5\uac04(Dual Space)<\/h3>\n
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\uc704\uc5d0 \uc124\uba85\ud55c \uc815\ub9ac 1\uc740 \ub610 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. n \ucc28\uc6d0 \ubca1\ud130 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\ub294 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\uc2dd(\ucd94\uc0c1\uc801)\uc73c\ub85c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud55c \ub9c8\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uad81\uae08\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud639\uc2dc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc815\uc758\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \ubcc4\ub85c \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\uc11c, \ub610\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc720 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub824\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uc4f8\ub370 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2cc\uac00? \ub4f1\ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub4e4\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc815\ub9ac 1\uc740 \uadf8\ub7f4 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc989 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub294 \uc88c\ud45c\ud568\uc218\uc758 1\ucc28\uacb0\ud569 \ubfd0\uc774\uace0 \uc88c\ud45c\ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c 1\ucc28\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc758 \uac1c\uc218\ub294 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\ub9cc\ud07c \ubc16\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc774 \uacf5\uac04\uc758 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218 \uc804\uccb4\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\uc2dc n \ucc28\uc6d0 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04 \uaf34\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 ”’\uc30d\ub300\uacf5\uac04”’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

\uc30d\ub300\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc774\uac83\ub9cc\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub9d0\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\uc758 \uc30d\ub300\uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc \ub611\uac19\uc774 \uc30d\ub300\uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uadf8 \ub458\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \ub9c8\uc8fc \ubcf4\uba74\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uac19\uc740 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc989 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc0c1\ub300\ud3b8\uc740 \ubaa8\uc591\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\uc6b8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ub300\uce6d\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub450 \ub300\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \\[ l(x)=(l,x)=x(l)=xl \\] \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc608\uc804\uc758 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c \ubcfc \ub54c, \\[ ax+by+cz=xa+yb+zc \\] \uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc4f0\uace0 \ubcf4\uba74 $ (x,y,z) $ \uac00 \ubcc0\uc218\uc778\uc9c0 $ (a,b,c) $ \uac00 \ubcc0\uc218\uc778\uc9c0 \uad6c\ubcc4\uc774 \uc548\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6c\ubcc4 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc798\ubabb\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc6d0\ub798 \uad6c\ubcc4\uc774 \uc548 \ub418\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub294 \ubca1\ud130\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc640 \ub611 \uac19\uc774 \ubca1\ud130\ub294 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uad6c\ubcc4\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \ub418\uc9c0(\ud55c\ucabd\uc744 \ubca1\ud130\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \uc0c1\ub300\ud3b8\uc774 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc9c0\ub9cc) \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad6c\ubcc4\uc774 \uc548\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(\uc5b4\ub290\ucabd\uc774 \uc9c4\uc9dc \ubca1\ud130\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.). <\/p>\n

\uad6c\ubcc4\uc744 \ubabb\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c \uc798 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uace0 \uad6c\ubcc4\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub098\uc05c \uac83 \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uadf8 \ubc18\ub300\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6c\ubcc4\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\ub3c4 \ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Annihilator<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ucd94\uc11d \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacf5\ubd80\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (TableOfContents) 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218 1\ud559\uae30 \ub54c 1\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub294 \ub9d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubcc0\uc218( $ x_1,…,x_n $ )\uc758 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ubcc0\uc218\ubca1\ud130\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc22b\uc790\uc758 \ub098\uc5f4\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 $ \\mathbb{R}^n $ \uc758 \ubca1\ud130\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc77c\ucc28\ud568\uc218\uac00 \ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 1\ucc28\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83 \ub9d0\uace0 … \ub354 \uc77d\uae30<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"\uae40\uc601\uc6b1","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim","push-errors":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3558"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3558\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3559,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3558\/revisions\/3559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathematicians.korea.ac.kr\/ywkim\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}